【温带森林中的地下碳交换】Tamir Klein1*† Rolf T. W. Siegwolf2 Christian Körner1. Belowground carbon trade among tall trees in a temperate forest. Science 2016 Vol. 352 Issue 6283 pp. 342-344 DOI: 10.1126-science.aad6188
Abstract
Forest trees compete for light and soil resources but photoassimilates once produced in the foliage are not considered to be exchanged between individuals. Applying stable carbon isotope labeling at the canopy scale we show that carbon assimilated by 40-meter-tall spruce is traded over to neighboring beech larch and pine via overlapping root spheres. Isotope mixing signals indicate that the interspecific bidirectional transfer assisted by common ectomycorrhiza networks accounted for 40% of the fine root carbon (about 280 kilograms per hectare per year tree-to-tree transfer). Although competition for resources is commonly considered as the dominant tree-to-tree interaction in forests trees may interact in more complex ways including substantial carbon exchange.
【真菌与植物磷吸收】Kei Hiruma Nina Gerlach Soledad Sacristán Ryohei Thomas Nakano Stéphane Hacquard Barbara Kracher Ulla Neumann Diana Ramírez Marcel Bucher Richard J. O’Connell Paul Schulze-Lefert. Root Endophyte Colletotrichum tofieldiae Confers Plant Fitness Benefits that Are Phosphate Status Dependent. Cell 2016 165(2): 464-474
Abstract
A staggering diversity of endophytic fungi associate with healthy plants in nature but it is usually unclear whether these represent stochastic encounters or provide host fitness benefits. Although most characterized species of the fungal genus Colletotrichum are destructive pathogens we show here that C. tofieldiae (Ct) is an endemic endophyte in natural Arabidopsis thaliana populations in central Spain. Colonization by Ct initiates in roots but can also spread systemically into shoots. Ct transfers the macronutrient phosphorus to shoots promotes plant growth and increases fertility only under phosphorus-deficient conditions a nutrient status that might have facilitated the transition from pathogenic to beneficial lifestyles. The host’s phosphate
